We are two sisters on a mission to demystify science with humor and relevance by creating videos, GIFs, comics, and resources. Our content is focused on high school biology (Pinky is a former high school biology teacher), though we do receive comments that some of our content is useful for intro biology courses at the college level as well. We're for anyone wanting to learn biology! We frequently remind viewers that we cannot include all of the fascinating exceptions and details in a video under 10 minutes. We like to create memorable visuals to the content, but they're not scientific illustra
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6:2013K views · 14d ago · 6:20
Time before the bell to try 7 questions focused on mutations? This video focuses on the Amoeba Sisters video on mutations here: This video content also complements chapter 15 of our book, The Amoeba Sisters' Cartoon Guide to Biology.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com
7:405K views · 14d ago · 7:40
Have time before the bell to try 9 questions focused on biotechnology, specifically PCR (polymerase chain reaction), gel electrophoresis, & genetic engineering? This video focuses on biotechnology topics covered in the Amoeba Sisters biotechnology playlist here: This video content also complements chapter 16 of our book, The Amoeba Sisters' Cartoon Guide to Biology.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
9:52251K views · 1mo ago · 9:52
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “The Process of Meiosis - Biology 2E - OpenStax.” 2018. NOTES REGARDING UPDATE You will find a bit more detail here than in our older 2017 meiosis video. We also have some extra points at the end that mention some things we wanted to expand on regarding meiosis in humans.
Topics: Meiosis vs Mitosis · Introducing Gametes · Interphase · Meiosis Phases · Meiosis I · Meiosis II
▶️ Mentioned videos: Our video about the terms haploid and diploid, which can really help clear things up!
8:0618K views · 2mo ago · 8:06
Time before the bell to try 9 questions focused on the structure and function of DNA that relates to the Amoeba Sisters video on DNA? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This video's progress bar has divisions in the video to make it easy to skip ahead to another question if you need to move faster, and all questions/explanations are on screen if you prefer to mute the music.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com
9:078K views · 2mo ago · 9:07
Time before the bell to try 10 questions focused on the cell cycle and cancer cells that relates to the Amoeba Sisters video on Cell Cycle (and cancer)? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This video's progress bar has divisions in the video to make it easy to skip ahead to another question if you need to move faster, and all questions/explanations are on screen if you prefer to mute the music.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
▶️ Mentioned videos: Cell Cycle (and cancer)
8:42520K views · 3mo ago · 8:42
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “The Cell Cycle - Biology 2E - OpenStax.” 2018. Further Reading We mention some biology courses explore more depth and may learn more than just the PMAT phases - for example - prometaphase. To learn more (as well as explore even more depth such as kinetochores), we recommend
Topics: Mitosis for Repair and Growth · Mitosis Defined · Chromosomes · Interphase · Mitosis Math (Chromatid/Chromosome) · PMAT
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com
7:4113K views · 5mo ago · 7:41
Time before the bell to try 8 questions focused on viruses that build on our Amoeba Sisters video on viruses? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This particular video reviews general virus characteristics, viral structure, and how viruses reproduce.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
▶️ Mentioned videos: Viruses
9:4423K views · 5mo ago · 9:44
Time before the bell to try 10 questions focused on characteristics of life and biological levels of organization that build on our Amoeba Sisters videos on these two topics? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
▶️ Mentioned videos: Characteristics of Life · Biological Levels of Organization
6:08108K views · 6mo ago · 6:08
Explore dehydration reaction (dehydration synthesis) and hydrolysis with the Amoeba Sisters! This video will introduce what these reactions are, how they work, and why they matter to organisms. Table of Contents FACTUAL REFERENCES
Topics: Defining Dehydration Synthesis · Example in Proteins · Example in Carbohydrates · Hydrolysis · Why do these processes matter?
15:57442K views · 7mo ago · 15:57
Explore the general structure and function of four major types of human body tissues with the Amoeba Sisters! The four types of tissues covered are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. TABLE OF CONTENTS FACTUAL REFERENCES
Topics: Defining Tissue · Types of Body Tissue · Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) · Connective Tissue · Muscle Tissue · Nervous Tissue
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com · Video on youtube.com
📄 Mentioned papers: Paper on cell.com · edited)
6:22157K views · 9mo ago · 6:22
Explore the term haploid (n) and diploid (2n) with the Amoeba Sisters as they define these terms, give visuals, and also bring up major points to remember with these terms. This video also puts them into context with mitosis and meiosis in humans. See related videos with Chromosome Numbers Before and After Mitosis and Meiosis (UPDATED): and Chromosomes and Karyotypes (UPDATED)
Topics: Chromosome Quiz Question · Explanation to Chromosome Quiz Question · Defining Diploid and Haploid · Diploid Cells · Haploid Cells · Diploid Zygote
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com · Video on youtube.com
📄 Mentioned papers: Paper on nature.com · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
9:48125K views · 10mo ago · 9:48
Explore chromosomes and karyotypes with the Amoeba Sisters! This 2026 updated video addresses misconceptions about chromosomes, explains chromosome structure, chromosome function, and introduces the concept of a karyotyping. Vocabulary includes chromosome, chromatin, karyogram, autosomes, and sex chromosomes.
Topics: Misconceptions about Chromosomes · Chromosome Structure · Chromosome Function · Chromosomes in Cells · Chromatid vs Chromosome · Centromere
📄 Mentioned papers: Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on nature.com · Paper on nature.com
7:58281K views · 11mo ago · 7:58
Confused about how chromosome numbers change before and after mitosis and meiosis? This Amoeba Sisters UPDATED video breaks down chromosome vs chromatid and shows how to count chromosomes and how they change in cell division, all organized in clear, easy-to-understand tables. This video also goes into some of the nuances in terms like centromere, haploid, and diploid which can be common sources of confusion.
Topics: Chromosome vs Chromatid · Interphase · Centromere · Chromosome Numbers Before and After Mitosis · Chromosome Numbers Before and After Meiosis · Haploid and Diploid
▶️ Mentioned videos: Chromosome Numbers During Division: Demystified! · 3. Learn more about karyotypes in our karyotype video
📄 Mentioned papers: Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
12:08263K views · 1y ago · 12:08
Special thanks to Steven Powell, CRNA, for assisting us with script and proofing. FACTUAL REFERENCES Hall, John E, and Michael E Hall. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed., S.L., Elsevier - Health Science, 2021.
Topics: Pulse · Reflecting on Heartbeat · Major Structures and Tissue Review · Focus on Conductive Cells in Video · SA Node with Pacemaker Cells · Membrane Potential
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com
📄 Mentioned papers: Paper on academic.oup.com · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019338
9:02127K views · 1y ago · 9:02
Join Pinky and Petunia in a cell types review game! This review game focuses on comparing cell characteristics of animals, plants, fungi, "protists," archaea, and bacteria. Clues may include prokaryote/eukaryote, autotroph/heterotroph, cell wall present or absent, and also whether the cell can make up multicellular organisms, unicellular organisms, or both. At the end, there is a chart that students complete. You can access a free PDF of this chart on
Topics: Cell Types Introduced · Multicellular and Unicellular · Cell 1 · Cell 2 · Cell 3 · Cell 4
▶️ Mentioned videos: We have a video on Archaea
📄 Mentioned papers: Recommended about bacteria that lack cell walls · food
1:3618K views · 1y ago · 1:36
Learn more and see the FREE TRIAL of Amoeba Sisters Virtual Checks on PocketLab Notebook until Sept. 15, 2025 The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here
4:5141K views · 1y ago · 4:51
It's our birthday and we're turning 12 on the 12th! July 12th to be exact. Join us to celebrate and also hear 12 facts that you may not know about Pinky and Petunia. Expand this for links to things we mentioned in this video! And...just in case you missed our 10th birthday celebration, we had a video for that one too
▶️ Mentioned videos: s our birthday 🎂 and we
8:16345K views · 1y ago · 8:16
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “32.1 Reproductive Development and Structure - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” , 28 Mar. 2018, . Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, NY, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017. SUGGESTED FURTHER READING/EXPLORATION Links to explore concepts that go beyond this video!
Topics: Introducing Angiosperms · Flowers · Fruit · Parts of the Flower · Importance of Pollinators · Pollination Steps
▶️ Mentioned videos: plant reproduction in angiosperms · Video on youtube.com
📄 Mentioned papers: Enzymes involved with pollen tube? · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
📰 Mentioned news: How can a seed make through a digestive tract?
9:54428K views · 1y ago · 9:54
Freeman, Scott, and Jon C Herron. Evolutionary Analysis. 5th ed., Upper Saddle River, Nj, Prentice Hall, 2014. Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017. Zedalis, Julianne, and John Eggebrecht. “20.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax.” , 8 Mar. 2018,
Topics: Cladogram Intro · Building a Cladogram · Important Cladogram Features · Cladogram Misconceptions · Different Arrangements of Cladograms · Phylogenetic Tree vs Cladogram
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com
11:13782K views · 1y ago · 11:13
Cell Signaling Video Sodium Potassium Pump Video Table of Contents FACTUAL REFERENCES Abdelsayed, Mena, and Stanislav Sokolov. “Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels.” Channels, vol. 7, no. 3, 19 May 2013, pp. 146–152, Betts, J. Gordon, et al. “12.4 the Action Potential - Anatomy and Physiology 2e | OpenStax.” , 20 Apr. 2022, .
Topics: Excitable Cells · Ions and Travel Across Membrane · Sodium Potassium Pump · Leak Channels · Membrane Potential · Action Potential Walkthrough
▶️ Mentioned videos: Cell Signaling Video · Sodium Potassium Pump Video
📄 Mentioned papers: Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. · Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on nature.com
12:571.3M views · 1y ago · 12:57
Guest: Menstrual Cycle Walkthrough
In this menstrual cycle video, explore the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle with the Amoeba Sisters! This video will walk through major events in phases of the ovarian cycle (follicular phase and luteal phase) and phases of the uterine phase (menstrual flow, proliferative phase, and secretory phase). Then, this video will discuss general hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle with hormones GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone.
Topics: Menstrual Cycle Characteristics · Female Reproductive Structures · Ovarian Cycle and Uterine Cycle Walkthrough · Hormonal Control Walkthrough · Negative and Positive Feedback · Hormone Levels Chart
📄 Mentioned papers: doi:10.1002/uog.1123 · The Inadequate Corpus Luteum. · Hormones in Pregnancy. · Paper on ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
16:32805K views · 1y ago · 16:32
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “47.3 Threats to Biodiversity - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” , 28 Mar. 2018, . Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “22.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax.” , 28 Mar. 2018, . “Ocean Acidification’s Impact on Oysters and Other Shellfish.” Noaa.gov, 2009,
Topics: Topics Covered · Food Chains · Energy Pyramid · Question 1 Energy Pyramid · Food Webs · Question 2 Food Web
📄 Mentioned papers: Paper on pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Paper on cell.com · armor
6:4974K views · 2y ago · 6:49
Time before the bell to try 7 questions focused on enzymes? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This particular video focuses on enzyme vocabulary (such as active site, substrate, denature) and enzyme action. It builds on concepts from our two enzyme videos here and This video content also complements chapter 3 of our book, The Amoeba Sisters' Cartoon Guide to Biology.
Topics: Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5 · Question 6
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com · Video on youtube.com
8:4524K views · 2y ago · 8:45
Time before the bell to try 9 questions focused on experimental design? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This video is helpful in reviewing experimental design vocabulary, especially before biology labs. This particular video focuses on vocabulary such as: control group, constants, independent variable, dependent variable, and includes one question involving setting up the X and Y axis on a graph.
Topics: Prompt to Read First · Question 1 · Question 2 · Question 3 · Question 4 · Question 5
▶️ Mentioned videos: Video on youtube.com
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